哪些國家過去很強大，但現在不再是了？
Which countries were powerful in the past but no longer are?
譯文簡介
這兩個帝國擁有其他強國從未擁有過的東西。
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Perhaps the larger they are the harder they fall.
The most powerful empires existed in the twentieth century and the reason isn’t due to expanse or wealth though that is a part of it.
These two empires had one thing no other power has ever had.
The power to destroy every single life on this planet:
The USSR and the United States both wielded more power than any other empire in the history of humankind, they could destroy the world several times over and that gave this nations power on a global scale.
Both empires had significant sway from their military and nuclear might.
Now we obviously know which power fell first:
The USSR no longer exists and has now become the Russian Republic.
They are still powerful, but no longer an empire.
【回答】前選舉主任(2008年-2016年)
也許它們越大，就摔得越重。
最強大的帝國存在于20世紀，原因不是因為廣袤的土地或財富，雖然這是其中的一部分。
這兩個帝國擁有其他強國從未擁有過的東西。
摧毀地球上每一個生命的力量：核彈。
蘇聯和美國都比人類歷史上任何其他帝國擁有更強的實力，他們可以摧毀世界好幾次，這賦予了這兩個國家在全球范圍內的權力。
這兩個帝國在軍事和核力量方面都有很大的影響力。
現在我們顯然知道哪個強國先倒下了：
蘇聯已不復存在，現在已成為俄羅斯共和國。
他們仍然強大，但不再是一個帝國了。
The US once commanded the ear of the world, it commanded respect and the US economy was something to behold.
But now America is number one at these lovely things:
* People behind bars
* Military Spending despite having no declarations of war.
* Healthcare cost
* Energy use per person (climate change doesn’t exist right?)
* Anxiety disorders
* Most expensive place to have a baby
* Number of adults who believe angels are real
and finally:
* Obesity
然而，這個等式中的第二個強國已經開始從榮耀跌落了。
美國曾經舉世矚目，贏得了尊重，美國經濟也是讓人嘆為觀止。
但現在，美國在這些有趣的事情上排名第一：
* 關在監獄里的人
* 軍事開支，盡管沒有宣戰
* 醫療成本
* 人均能源使用量(氣候變化并不存在，是嗎？)
* 焦慮癥
* 最昂貴的生孩子地方
* 相信天使存在的成年人數量
最后一個是：
* 肥胖
Oddly enough that same year the US lost its status as a full democracy and is now a flawed one and has never been the most free nation based on indexes.
Then the US goes and elects the Republican Party which is the only major political entity that does not believe in the reality that climate change could kill millions and they threaten the entire human race with their policies.
美國不再受人尊敬，也不再像過去那樣是國會山上的燈塔，這個帝國正在崩潰，而這是在選舉一位真人秀明星擔任總統之前。
奇怪的是，就在同一年，美國失去了完全民主的地位，現在是一個有缺陷的民主國家，而且從指數來看從來都不是最自由的國家。
然后，美國選舉了共和黨，而共和黨是唯一一個不相信氣候變化會導致數百萬人死亡的政治實體，并且他們的政策威脅整個人類。
The US has lost its respect on the global stage and currently nations are circling politicians like vultures getting ready to pick the carcass… Russia is meddling in our elections, China controls a vast amount of America’s wealth, Saudi Arabia just straight up bribes the President and Israel…
Not only that but Netanyahu can bypass the President and talk straight to Congress imagine if any other world leader tried that.
美國是目前唯一一個極力否認氣候變化的國家，以至于它是唯一一個沒有加入《巴黎氣候協定》的國家。
美國在國際舞臺上已經失去了自己的地位，現在各國的政客們像禿鷹一樣盤旋著，準備分食這具尸體... 俄羅斯正在干預我們的選舉，中國控制著美國的大量財富，沙特阿拉伯直接向總統和以色列行賄...
不僅如此，內塔尼亞胡還可以繞過總統，直接與國會對話，想象一下如果其他國家的領導人也這么做的話。
Strength is not just measured in raw power, but also in character, respect, and intelligence…
The US lacks three of those.
So what country once was powerful but now is weak?
世界其他國家在看到美國時只是搖搖頭，它要么是一個可以玩弄的傀儡，要么是一個值得同情的國家。我們只是碰巧有一支龐大的軍隊和一些核武器。
力量不僅僅體現在原始的力量上，還體現在性格、尊重和智慧上...
而美國缺少其中的三個。
那么，你說哪個國家曾經強大，但現在沒落呢？
Vatican City.
While the Vatican today may be the world’s smallest country with limited power in the UN, back in its heyday as the Papal States, most of Europe’s kings had to submit to its authority.
The Papal States were centered in Rome with the Pope as its leader.
What made the Papal States so powerful was that in medi Europe the Catholic Church and their practices were an integral part of everyday life for the kingdoms that followed the Roman Catholic faith.
Aspects such as literature, art, and even time was in the power of the Church.
Everyone from the poorest of peasants to the richest of kings paid the Tithes, a tax that was one tenth of annual produce or earnings, for the support of the church and clergy.
【回答】
梵蒂岡城。
雖然今天的梵蒂岡可能是世界上最小的國家，在聯合國的權力有限，但回到它作為教皇國的鼎盛時期，大多數歐洲的國王不得不屈從于它的權威。
教皇國以教皇為領袖，以羅馬為中心。
教皇國之所以如此強大，是因為在中世紀的歐洲，天主教會及其實踐是遵循羅馬天主教信仰的王國日常生活不可分割的一部分。
諸如文學、藝術、甚至時間等方面都受到教會的支配。
從最貧窮的農民到最富有的國王，每個人都繳納十分之一的稅，即每年產出或收入的十分之一，以支持教會和神職人員。
Being excommunicated from the church meant you were cut off from society. You could not in church, participate in marriages, be buried (or have other family members buried) in the graveyard, or participate in the numerous Christian feasts and festivals scattered throughout the year, and so forth.
To be excommunicated was to be a pariah. This was probably as dire threat as any spiritual ones.
Not to mention that the Pope had the power to call Crusades, not just to take the Holy Land, but also against Pagans and so -called Heretics as well.
所有的天主教國王都必須服從教皇，否則就會被逐出教會。
被逐出教會意味著與社會隔絕。你不能在教堂參加婚禮，不能埋葬(或埋葬其他家庭成員)在墓地，或不能參加無數的基督教節日等等。
被逐出教會就是一個賤民。這可能和任何精神上的威脅一樣可怕。
更不用說教皇有權號召十字軍東征，不僅要占領圣地，還要打擊異教徒和所謂的異教徒。
First, as the Black Death killed 1/3 of Europe’s population with the Church being unable to stop it, doubt began to be sowed in the common people.
Second, as increasingly corrupt officials were able to bribe their way into the papacy, to the point of Pope Alexander VI having orgies in the Vatican itself, the reputation as God’s messenger began to fade.
Third, with the Protestant Reformation splitting the Catholic world into two, the power of the papacy had diminished.
Lastly, as the Enlightenment began, and more liberal governments came to Europe and elsewhere, a separation of Church and State came with free thinking and new developments in Science taking over religion’s legitimacy in how the world worked.
導致教皇和教皇國衰落的原因是多方面的。
第一，由于黑死病殺死了歐洲三分之一的人口，教會無法阻止蔓延，懷疑的種子開始播撒在普通人身上。
第二，隨著越來越多的腐敗官員能夠通過賄賂進入教皇職位，以至于亞歷山大六世在梵蒂岡大肆狂歡，作為上帝使者的名聲開始褪色。
第三，隨著新教改革將天主教世界一分為二，教皇的權力減弱了。
最后，隨著啟蒙運動的開始，以及更加自由的政府出現在歐洲和其他地方，教會和國家的分離伴隨著自由思想和科學的新發展，取代了宗教在世界運作中的合法性。
Today, the Vatican is the world’s smallest nation with a population of 800, with only 450 having citizenship.
Even though the Vatican is a fully recognized country, it has limited power in the UN as an observer state.
So while the Pope may be an influential figure today, he doesn't compare with the power of Popes of the Middle Ages.
因此，經歷了所有這些事件之后，意大利最終在1870年統一并占領了羅馬，教皇國留下的只有梵蒂岡城了。
今天，梵蒂岡是世界上最小的國家，800的人口，只有450人擁有公民身份。
盡管梵蒂岡是一個得到充分承認的國家，但作為觀察員國，它在聯合國的權力有限。
因此，雖然教皇在今天可能是一個有影響力的人物，但他的權利不能與中世紀的教皇相提并論。
The 4 most powerful nations in the past but no longer are anymore
1 - The British Empire
The British Empire was a massive multi-continental Empire that stretched from Canada to New Zealand, had the second largest population (China was still #1).
Over time it didn’t lose territories, they gradually increased their expansion of territories worldwide especially India and Africa, but after World War II most of them were given independence due to decolonization efforts by the UN.
Nowadays the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is still a force to not be reckon with as it has a permanent seat in the Security Council which is nice way to say it’s still a formidable power.
2 - The Spanish Empire
【回答】
過去四個最強大的國家，但現在不是了
1- 大英帝國
大英帝國是一個龐大的多大陸帝國，從加拿大一直延伸到新西蘭，擁有第二大人口(中國仍然是第一)。
隨著時間的推移，它并沒有失去領土，他們逐漸擴張了世界范圍內的領土，特別是印度和非洲，但是在第二次世界大戰之后，由于聯合國的非殖民化努力，大部分地區都獲得了獨立。
如今，大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國仍然是一股不可小覷的力量，因為它在安全理事會中擁有常任理事國的席位，這可以很好地說它仍然是一股強大的力量。
2- 西班牙帝國
Now then in the 1800s they pretty much lost almost their entire American Colonies due to Latin Wars of Independence, a famous example is the Mexican War of Independence during the 1810s.
Now then they fully lost their Asian and American colonies in the Spanish-American War (they sold their East Indies Islands to Germany in 1899 Purchase).
3 - The Ottoman Empire (Turkish Empire)
The Ottoman Empire was a large Muslim Empire that stretched to the ends of Mesopotamia to the far west of Algeria. They were a powerful state during the 1400s to 1700s till they gradually started to decline like the Spanish.
西班牙帝國是歷史上第一個從西班牙延伸到菲律賓的全球帝國之一，在17世紀到19世紀失去了領土(失去了那不勒斯、西西里和他們的神圣羅馬領土，這些領土交給了奧地利和薩沃伊)。
到了19世紀，由于拉丁美洲的獨立戰爭，他們幾乎失去了整個美洲殖民地，一個著名的例子就是19世紀10年代的墨西哥獨立戰爭。
現在，他們在美西戰爭中完全失去了他們在亞洲和美洲的殖民地(他們在1899年把東印度群島賣給德國)。
3- 奧斯曼帝國（土耳其帝國）
奧斯曼帝國是一個龐大的穆斯林帝國，一直延伸到美索不達米亞的盡頭，和最西邊的阿爾及利亞。在15世紀到18世紀，他們是一個強大的國家，直到他們逐漸開始像西班牙人一樣衰落。
Then in 1900s they were defeated by the Entente (Allied) powers which tried to partition Turkey after defeating them, but this man named Ataturk would not let that happen and has founded Modern Day, Republic of Turkey.
他們在過去非常強大，因為他們的常備軍和精銳部隊讓奧斯曼軍隊看起來可怕，他們擊敗了無數的基督教國家，如拜占庭帝國，匈牙利王國和瓦拉吉亞公國，他們中的大多數被奧斯曼人吞并，少數成為諸如瓦拉吉亞的附庸。
后來在20世紀，他們被協約國擊敗，協約國在擊敗他們之后試圖瓜分土耳其，但是有個名叫阿塔圖爾克的人不允許這種事情發生，他建立了現代土耳其共和國。
1、Greece
The Greeks today are no longer descendants of the Greeks of the classical era. Greece is deeply mired in the European debt crisis, cultural faults have emerged, and it no longer produces great philosophers, artists, and politicians. It is no longer a regional power.
2、England
Britain was the first industrialized country in the world. It first completed the industrial revolution and its national strength grew rapidly. From the 18th century to the early 20th century, the territory under British rule spanned seven continents around the world. It was the most powerful country in the world at that time, known as the "Sunless Empire". At its peak, the ruling area reached about 34 million square kilometers, accounting for about a quarter of the earth's land. It has dominated the world order for a century.
【回答】我研究歷史已經20年了。
1、希臘
今天的希臘人不再是古希臘時代希臘人的后裔。希臘深陷歐洲債務危機的泥潭，文化斷層已經浮現，偉大的哲學家、藝術家和政治家也不再出現。它已不再是一個地區強國了。
2、英國
英國是世界上第一個工業化國家。它第一次完成了工業革命，國力迅速增長。從18世紀到20世紀初，英國統治下的領土橫跨世界七大洲。它是當時世界上最強大的國家，被稱為“日不落帝國”。在其鼎盛時期，統治面積達到3400萬平方公里，約占地球陸地面積的四分之一。它主宰世界秩序一個世紀之久。
3、Austria
雖然英國在兩次世界大戰中都取得了勝利，但其國力卻遭到嚴重的損害。然而，隨著加拿大、印度、澳大利亞、南非等國先后取得自治權，大英帝國不再輝煌，逐漸轉變為英聯邦，但英聯邦的約束力有限。20世紀下半葉，隨著大英帝國的解體，資本主義世界霸權的地位被美國所取代。從日不落帝國到回歸島國，英國實際控制面積損失了約99% 。
3、奧地利
But after two world wars, Austrian territories suffered heavy losses. The Austrian empire changed from a nominally European emperor to a small landlocked country that retained only the capital Vienna and surrounding states. In total, Austria has lost more than 80% of its territory.
從中世紀開始到第一次世界大戰結束，奧地利是歐洲強國之一，是統治中歐650年的哈布斯堡王朝的所在地。奧地利首都維也納是許多“娛樂”人士向往的目的地——因為那里有一個金色的大廳，他們在那里可以引人注目。奧地利不僅有金色的維也納，還有帝國主義的殘酷。當時，奧地利是入侵中國的八國聯軍成員，是世界八大強國之一，是神圣羅馬帝國的主人，是歐洲大陸的代言人。
但在兩次世界大戰之后，奧地利領土損失慘重。奧地利帝國從一個名義上的歐洲皇帝變成了一個小內陸國家，只保留了首都維也納和周邊國家。奧地利總共失去了超過80%的領土。
The founder of Turkey was Ottoman, so it was also called the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century. At its heyday, the forces reached three continents in Asia, Europe and Africa, and they occupied most of the territories of southeastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, and north of Hungary and Slovenia. Turkey was an important power in the Mediterranean region from the 15th to the 19th centuries, and in the 16th to 17th centuries, Spain, France, and Austria were among the strongest countries in the region.
However, this glory is hard to last. Turkey lost to the Allies in World War I and the country split.
5、Mexico
Mexico is one of the centers of ancient civilizations of Indians on the American continent. The world-famous Mayan culture, Toltec culture, and Aztec culture are all created by ancient Indians in Mexico. The Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon, built in the north of Mexico City in BC, are representative of this splendid ancient culture. The ancient city of Teotihuacan, where the Sun Pyramid and the Moon Pyramid are located, was declared a common heritage of mankind by UNESCO. After the American Independence Movement, Mexico was a well-deserved power in the Western Hemisphere, even larger than the United States. But all this came to an abrupt halt after the westward expansion of the United States. The US-Mexico war was the beginning of all this bad luck. The war was fought from 1846 to 1848. The cause of the war stemmed from a few things. The main cause were political tensions regarding the independence of the Republic of Texas (now the state of Texas), Mexico’s unwillingness to accept Texas’s sovereignty, and U.S President Polk’s expansionist policies.
4、土耳其
土耳其的締造者是奧斯曼帝國，所以在17世紀也被稱為奧斯曼帝國。在其鼎盛時期，軍隊遍布亞洲、歐洲和非洲，占領了歐洲東南部和中東巴爾干半島的大部分領土，以及匈牙利和斯洛文尼亞的北部。從15世紀到19世紀，土耳其是地中海地區的重要強國，在16世紀到17世紀，西班牙、法國和奧地利是該地區最強大的國家之一。
然而，這種榮耀很難持續下去。土耳其在第一次世界大戰中輸給了協約國，國家分裂。
5、墨西哥
墨西哥是美洲大陸上印第安人古老文明的中心之一。舉世聞名的瑪雅文化、托爾特克文化和阿茲特克文化都是由墨西哥的古印第安人創造的。太陽金字塔和月亮金字塔，建于公元前的墨西哥城北部，是這一輝煌的古代文化的代表。太陽金字塔和月亮金字塔所在的特奧蒂瓦坎古城被聯合國教科文組織宣布為人類的共同遺產。在美國獨立運動之后，墨西哥是西半球當之無愧的大國，甚至比美國還要大。但是，在美國向西部擴張之后，這一切都戛然而止了。美墨戰爭是這一切厄運的開始。這場戰爭從1846年打到1848年。這場戰爭的起因有幾個。主要原因是德克薩斯共和國(現在的德克薩斯州)獨立引起的政治緊張，墨西哥不愿接受德克薩斯的主權，以及美國總統波爾克的擴張主義政策。
6、Germany
The ancestors of the Germans were Germans who lived in Central Europe in ancient times. In the 10th century, the Germans established the Holy Roman Empire. The rise of Prussia in the early 18th century, the formation of the German Confederation according to the Vienna Conference in 1815, revolutions broke out in Germany in 1848, Prussian Prime Minister Bismarck led the arduous military and diplomatic struggle, Prussia defeated Austria in the "seven-week war" in 1866 The North German Federation was established the following year, and a unified German Empire was established in 1871. Germany completed the unification with Prussia as the main body. The Germans were also militants, provoking the First World War in 1914, and declared collapse in 1918 due to defeat. In February 1919 Germany established the Weimar Republic. Hitler came to power in 1933 to practice dictatorship. Germany launched the Second World War in 1939.
在與墨西哥的戰爭結束時，美國獲得了大片地區，這些地區最終成為加利福尼亞州、亞利桑那州以及今天墨西哥以北的其他大片地區，總面積達數百萬平方公里。德克薩斯州成為美國第28個州，墨西哥總共失去大約50%的領土。從北美的強國，退到了美洲南端的狹長地帶。
6、德國
德國人的祖先是古代居住在中歐的日耳曼人。10世紀，日耳曼人建立了神圣羅馬帝國。18世紀初普魯士崛起，1815年根據維也納會議成立了德意志邦聯，1848年德國爆發了革命，普魯士總理俾斯麥領導了艱苦的軍事和外交斗爭，1866年普魯士在“七周戰爭”中擊敗了奧地利，次年北德聯邦成立，1871年建立了統一的德意志帝國。德國完成了以普魯士為主體的統一。德國人也是好戰分子，在1914年挑起了第一次世界大戰，并在1918年因戰敗而宣告崩潰。1919年2月，德國建立了魏瑪共和國。1933年，希特勒上臺實行獨裁統治。1939年，德國發動了第二次世界大戰。
7、The Netherlands
在盟軍的進攻下，德國于1945年5月8日戰敗并投降。兩次世界大戰后，德國領土遭受了重大損失。在西部，有爭議的阿爾薩斯和佩林給了法國，在北部，石勒蘇益格給了丹麥，在東部，整個西里西亞，勃蘭登堡的一部分，丹澤自由港，塞辛和波茨坦給了波蘭。東普魯士被蘇聯占領，現在是俄羅斯的飛地，加里寧格勒?？偟膩碚f，德國失去了超過40%的領土。從龐大的德意志帝國到中歐的一個小國。
7、荷蘭
8、Spain
The geographical discovery and colonial pioneers were later replaced by France, Britain and the Netherlands. The economy is medium in size and the colonial empire is disintegrated. Colonies such as Mexico, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina are independent.
9、Iran
The ancient Persian empire once crossed three continents in Europe, Asia and Africa. The Parthian Empire once fought for power in the Euphrates, Syria and the Roman Empire. Later, Persia declined and the Arabs rose. Today, Iran is only a regional power, but in the face of the siege of Saudi Arabia, Israel, Turkey, and Syria, it is in jeopardy.
有一段時間，荷蘭曾是世界上最大的殖民帝國之一。荷屬東印度公司本身幾乎就是一個主權國家。但后來它被英國人打敗了?，F在荷蘭是一個小國。
8、西班牙
地理發現者和殖民開拓者，后來被法國、英國和荷蘭所取代。經濟規模中等，殖民帝國瓦解。墨西哥、智利、秘魯、玻利維亞和阿根廷等殖民地獨立。
9、伊朗
古波斯帝國曾經跨越了歐洲、亞洲和非洲三大洲。帕提亞帝國曾經在幼發拉底河、敘利亞和羅馬帝國爭奪權力。后來，波斯衰落了，阿拉伯人崛起了。今天，伊朗只是一個地區強國，但面對沙特阿拉伯、以色列、土耳其和敘利亞的圍困，它處于危險之中。
First one that comes to my mind is Afghanistan.
Most people see it now as a, war-torn nation, but this image of Afghanistan wasn’t always the case for much of history
Afghanistan is located right in the centre of the Asian continent, located between such economic giants as the Middle East, China and India, Afghanistan naturally grew to have a very large economy of its own. It was quite literally the economic centre of the world for a milennia or two:
【回答】住在澳大利亞的悉尼
我首先想到的是阿富汗。
現在大多數人認為阿富汗是一個飽受戰爭蹂躪的國家，但是這種阿富汗的形象在歷史上并不總是如此。
阿富汗位于亞洲大陸的正中央，地處中東、中國和印度等經濟大國之間，阿富汗自然而然地發展成為一個非常龐大的經濟體。在一兩千年的時間里，它確實是世界經濟的中心。
A lot of people don’t know it, but Spain used to be a global superpower.
They controlled most of what’s now the US, all of Mexico and Central America, and half of South America. They also controlled the Philippines, some of Italy, and a whole slew of little islands. They were also given a small part of Africa at the Berlin Conference.
In the 16th and 17th Century, Spain was the most powerful empire on Earth. Their navy took a hit when the Spanish Armada was defeated trying to take over England, but they were still very powerful. For 200 years the Spanish Empire was the global superpower. Their massive amount of land in the New World made them rich.
They fought the British Empire several times, and even destroyed the largest British fleet ever assembled other than the battle of Normandy.
【回答】住在美國
很多人不知道，西班牙曾經是一個全球超級大國。
他們控制了現在美國的大部分地區，整個墨西哥和中美洲，以及半個南美洲。他們還控制了菲律賓，意大利的一些地區，以及大量的小島。在柏林會議上，他們還得到了非洲的一小部分。
在16和17世紀，西班牙是世界上最強大的帝國。當西班牙無敵艦隊試圖占領英格蘭時，雖然他們的海軍遭受重創，但他們仍然非常強大。兩百年來，西班牙帝國一直是全球超級大國。他們在新大陸大量的土地使他們富有。
他們曾和大英帝國打過幾次仗，甚至摧毀了除諾曼底戰役之外集結的最大的英國艦隊。