關于印度歷史，每個印度人都應該知道些什么?（一）
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
譯文簡介
網友：我們每個人都會讀到關于我們的歷史方面的書籍，或者我們的祖父母會告訴我們印度歷史，第一位統治印度的女統治者是1236年登基的拉齊亞·蘇丹娜(Razia Sultana)。這是我們眾所周知的印度歷史。事實上，在8世紀，有一個名叫寶瑪迦羅王朝.......
正文翻譯
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
關于印度歷史，每個印度人都應該知道些什么?
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Every one of us would have read in our history books or would have been told by our grandparents that the first women ruler to rule India was Raziya Sultana who ascended the throne in 1236. This is a well known thing in our Indian history.
Now coming to the fact, there was a dynasty called Bhaumakara dynasty which was ruling over Odisha and part of West Bengal during 8th century. This dynasty was established by Kshemankaradeva and it flourished very well in the 8th century. Even though initial rulers were male, this dynasty had 5 women rulers who ruled for almost more than 50 years.
Their rule was much appreciated that time and were efficient administrators. During their rule foes were exterminated, glory spread abroad and harmony was there among people.
As usual, we won't find all these in our history books but these are the facts which will connect ourselves and will show us capability of our past rulers.
我們每個人都會讀到關于我們的歷史方面的書籍，或者我們的祖父母會告訴我們印度歷史，第一位統治印度的女統治者是1236年登基的拉齊亞·蘇丹娜(Razia Sultana)。這是我們眾所周知的印度歷史。
事實上，在8世紀，有一個名叫寶瑪迦羅王朝（Bhaumakara）的王朝統治著奧里薩邦和西孟加拉邦的一部分地區。這個王朝是由 Kshemankaradeva建立的，它在8世紀非常繁榮。盡管最初的統治者是男性，但這個王朝有5位女性統治者，她們統治了將近50多年。
他們的統治在當時很受歡迎，是高效的管理者。在他們的統治期間，敵人被消滅，榮耀傳遍海內外，人與人之間和諧相處。
像往常一樣，我們在歷史書中找不到所有這些，但這些事實將把我們聯系起來，并向我們展示我們過去統治者的能力。
Today, Sri Lanka is almost bankrupt; however, did you know that India was once in a worse state than Sri Lanka is now?
India had a closed economy in the 1990s. The government owned the majority of the companies in India, and foreign direct investment was restricted. Policies of previous congress government was weakening indian economy day by day.
Oil prices were at an all-time high in August 1990 as a result of the Gulf War.
Non-resident Indians were unable to send money to their loved ones in India.
As a result, India's forex reserves were reduced to 600 million dollars.
Indian reserves were only enough to keep the country running for a few weeks.
Then came Manmohan Singh, India's finance minister at the time who took some unpopular but critical decision.
He immediately obtained a 2.2 billion dollar loan from the IMF and sold 600 million dollars of India's gold to international banks. To make Indian exports more competitive he dued Indian rupee by 20%. He also took some long term step. He brought new Industrial Policy and opened Indian market for foreign investors.
He Ended his Parliament Speech for the budget session with the statement :
“No power can now stop the growth of India”.
The rise of India began.
The foundations for an economic powerhouse was already laid.
By 2009, India had been able to repurchase the gold it had sold in 1990, as well as absorb the shocks of US sanctions against India in 1998, the Kargil war in 1999, and the 2009 global economic crisis.
In the decades that followed India was one of the fastest growing economy in the world giving tough competition to china.
今天，斯里蘭卡幾乎破產;然而，你知道印度曾經的處境比現在的斯里蘭卡更糟糕嗎?
上世紀90年代，印度的經濟是封閉的。政府擁有印度的大多數公司，外國直接投資受到限制。前國大黨政府的政策日益削弱印度經濟。
1990年8月，由于海灣戰爭，石油價格創下歷史新高。
未獲得當地永久居民身份的印度人無法向他們在印度的親人匯款。
結果，印度的外匯儲備減少到6億美元。
印度的儲備只夠維持這個國家幾個星期的運轉。
然后是當時的印度財政部長曼莫漢·辛格，他做出了一些不受歡迎但關鍵的決定。
他立即從國際貨幣基金組織獲得了22億美元的貸款，并向國際銀行出售了6億美元的印度黃金。為了提高印度出口競爭力，他將印度盧比貶值了20%。他還采取了一些長期措施。他提出了新的產業政策，并為外國投資者打開了印度市場。
他以這句話結束了預算會議的國會演講：
“現在沒有任何力量能夠阻止印度的發展”。
印度開始崛起了。
經濟強國的基礎已經奠定。
到2009年，印度已經能夠回購1990年出售的黃金，并承受1998年美國對印度制裁、1999年卡吉爾戰爭和2009年全球經濟危機的沖擊。
在隨后的幾十年里，印度是世界上增長最快的經濟體之一，給中國帶來了激烈的競爭。
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Lord Hanuman Vs Akbar ‘The so called great'.
I will define the whole incident with proofs too!
This story is not just mythology but there are proofs that it really happened.
哈努曼勛爵Vs阿克巴“所謂的偉人”。
我也會用證據來解釋整個事件!
這個故事不僅是神話，而且有證據表明它確實發生過。
During that time Fatehpur Sikri was the capital of Akbar's empire.Akbar had a great hatred for Tulsidasa as his stories of meeting Rama and Hanuman became very famous.And he didn't wanted Hinduism to flourish atleast during his rule.Tulsidasa in the prison asked the guard outside the bars to leave him as he had done nothing wrong.The guard just rudely told him to sit quite.During that time Tulsidasa the great devotee of Lord Hanuman started chanting his name and went in Hanuman's devotion and wrote Hanuman Chalisa in 40 days in prison.After chanting the Hanuman Chalisa many monkeys attacked the fort of Fatehpur Sikri,everyone was shocked after seeing such a sudden attack of monkeys.Monkeys destroyed huge property and they became like an obstacle in the daily functioning of city.
Atlast,it became very hard to manage the city of Fatehpur Sikri till the time when Emperor Akbar has to shift his favorite capital from Fatehpur Sikri to Lahore.And after such miracle it was obvious that this incident went like fire in everybody's ears which resulted finally in bail of Tulsidasa.Most of the people know Hanuman chalisa but didn't knew what was the story behind it.Tulsidas set an example that none should break the peace of saints,whether it is of any religion.After that many monkeys left that town and many were killed but still there are many monkeys left.
根據一些消息來源，阿克巴尊重所有宗教，這是完全錯誤的。最大的證據是，他逮捕了《Ramcharitramanas》和最著名的《Hanuman Chalisa》的作者“Tulsidasa”。故事是從Tulsidaa的被捕開始的。阿克巴得Tulsidasa的故事在他的整個帝國里像火一樣蔓延。他很生氣，因為他是印度教徒。于是他命令士兵逮捕他。
在此期間，法特赫布爾·西克里是阿克巴的帝國的首都。阿克巴對Tulsidaa懷有極大的仇恨，因為他與拉瑪和哈努曼相遇的故事變得非常著名。他不希望印度教至少在他統治期間興盛起來。監獄里的Tulsidasa要求監獄外的看守放他出去，因為他沒有做錯任何事。警衛只是粗魯地叫他安靜地坐著。在那段時間里，哈奴曼勛爵的偉大奉獻者Tulsidasa開始高呼他的名字，并以哈奴曼的虔誠之情在獄中40天內寫下了《Hanuman Chalisa》這首詩。在念完《Hanuman Chalisa》這首詩之后，許多猴子襲擊了法特赫布爾·西克里，看到猴子如此突然的發動襲擊，所有人都感到震驚，猴子毀壞了大量的財產，成為城市日常運作的障礙。
最后，管理法特赫布爾·西克里變得非常困難，直到阿克巴皇帝不得不將他最喜歡的首都從法特赫布爾·西克里轉移到拉合爾。在發生了這樣的奇跡之后，很明顯，這件事傳到每個人的耳朵里后引起了轟動，最終保釋了Tulsidasa。大多數人都知道《Hanuman Chalisa》，但不知道背后的故事。Tulsidasa樹立了一個榜樣——沒有人能破壞圣徒的安寧，無論是任何宗教的和平都如此。在那之后，許多猴子離開了那個小鎮，許多猴子被殺死，但仍然有許多猴子留下來。
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In Indian history, Marathas are always glorified. While they were great warriors and there is no doubt regarding that, when it comes to writing about the Marathas, historians have always chosen to portray the good side of them. There also lies a barbaric side to them that only few people are aware of. This often gets omitted from Indian history and unless you are a local or research extensively about the Maratha Empire, you will never get to hear about it.
Last Monday, I went to this place called Garh Panchkot in West Bengal. While coming back to Kolkata from Chota Nagpur Plateau, this place lies on the way and hence, I thought of making a halt and seeing the place. History has it that this place used to be the fort of the Panchet kingdom but was attacked by the Marathas (locally called Borgis) in the early 18th century. Around 1741, a Maratha cavalry was sent by Raghoji Bhosale to attack Bengal.
They attacked this fort and looted the countryside. The Marathas continued to loot the countryside for 10 years, damaged the fort, the temples and destroyed the houses of villagers. In 1751, the Nawab of Bengal reached an agreement and signed a peace treaty with the Marathas and then the attacks stopped. Garh Panchakot is one of the remaining witnesses of the barbaric side of the Maratha Empire that many Indians are unaware of. If you visit Garh Panchakot today, there is a temple called the Pancharatna Temple, which is the only standing structure.
The ruins of the fort, other temples, walls etc lie scattered here and there. It is also said that when the Nawab of Bengal was defeated by the Marathas, the 17 wives of the Nawab committed suicide by jumping into a well inside this fort.
There is also a local folklore that originated here and has become a common lullaby in the rest of West Bengal. The song states that night has fallen and the Borgis will be coming to collect the taxes. However, the villagers are so poor that they cannot pay any tax.
在印度歷史上，馬拉塔人總是受到贊美。當他們是偉大的戰士時，這一點毋庸置疑，但在寫馬拉塔人時，歷史學家總是選擇描繪他們善良的一面。他們也有野蠻的一面，只有很少的人知道。這在印度歷史上經常被忽略，除非你是當地人或對馬拉塔帝國進行廣泛研究，否則你永遠不會聽說這些。
上周一，我去了西孟加拉邦一個叫Garh Panchkot的地方。Garh Panchkot這個地方就在從Chota Nagpur高原返回加爾各答的路上，因此，我想停下來看看這個地方。歷史表明，這個地方曾經是潘切特王國的堡壘，但在18世紀初遭到了馬拉塔人（當地稱為博吉斯人）的襲擊。1741年左右，Raghoji Bhosale派遣了一支馬拉塔人騎兵進攻孟加拉。
他們襲擊了這座堡壘，洗劫了鄉村。10年來，馬拉塔人持續掠奪農村，破壞堡壘、寺廟，摧毀村民的房屋。1751年，孟加拉的納瓦布與馬拉塔人達成協議并簽署和平條約，隨后襲擊停止。Garh Panchakot這個地方是馬拉塔帝國野蠻一面的殘余見證者之一，許多印度人對此一無所知。如果你今天參觀Garh Panchakot，有一座寺廟叫Pancharatna寺廟，這是唯一的屹立的建筑。
堡的廢墟、其他廟宇、城墻等散落在各處。據說，當孟加拉的納瓦布被馬拉塔人擊敗時，納瓦布的17位妻子跳進了這座堡壘內的一口井自殺了。
還有一種起源于這里的當地民間傳說，并已成為西孟加拉邦其他地區常見的搖籃曲。歌曲中說，夜幕降臨，博爾吉人將前來收稅。然而，村民們太窮了，連稅都交不起。
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.gdsfy.cn 轉載請注明出處
Every Indian Must know these 10 facts about us, the people from North-East India:
There are eight states in North-East India-
1) Arunachal Pradesh
2) Assam
3) Manipur
4) Meghalaya
5) Mizoram
6) Nagaland
7) Tripura
8) Sikkim
每個印度人都必須知道關于我們印度東北部人的這10個事實:
印度東北部有八個邦
1、阿...邦
2、阿薩姆邦
3、曼尼普爾邦
4、梅加拉亞邦
5、米佐拉姆邦
6、那加蘭邦
7、特里普拉邦
8、錫金
We in NE are mostly nature loving people. That doesn't make us backward.
Nature for us is very very precious and we don't want to cause harm to it.
Apart from these, we are also very much into fashion. NE Indians are usually among the first ones to take up a new fashion. And that's one reason why you find many NE Indians associated with beauty parlors.
我們不落后
我們東北邦人大多是熱愛自然的人，這不會讓我們落后。
大自然對我們來說是非常非常珍貴的，我們不想對它造成傷害。
除了這些，我們也很喜歡時尚。東北邦的印度人通常是第一批接受新時尚的人。這就是為什么你會發現許多東北印度人與美容院聯系在一起的原因之一。
Compared to South India, a greater percentage of NE population knows Hindi. For those who are lucky to get education, Hindi is taught as a compulsory subject in North-East till the 8th standard.
I can assure you that even in rural areas, you can communicate with the locals in Hindi.
別以為我們不懂印地語
與南印度相比，東北邦人口中懂印地語的比例更高。對于那些有幸接受教育的人來說，印地語是東北地區的必修課，直到八年級。
我可以向你保證，即使在農村地區，你也可以用印地語與當地人交流。
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.gdsfy.cn 轉載請注明出處
We don't speak weird Hindi. It's just that the accent for some of us is a little different. And that has a lot to do with mother tongue. If a different accent is weird then weird is also the Hindi spoken with a Bihari or a South Indian or a Bengali accent. Don't confuse different with weird.
我們不會說奇怪的印地語
我們不會說奇怪的印地語。只是我們有些人的口音有點不同。這和母語有很大關系。如果不同的口音是奇怪的，那么用比哈里或南印度或孟加拉口音說的印地語也是奇怪的。不要混淆“不同”和“怪異”這兩個概念。
We all live in a world risked by lifestyle diseases where food habits too count. Like the rest of homo sapiens , Northeasterners too have ears which mean they are aware of the diseases like diabetes, cholesterol, stomach cancer, blood pressure and the list goes on. Vegetables are cheaper than meat, consumption of meat on a daily scale is proving to be a luxury. First, not all Northeasterners are non-vegetarians, second, go green concept is branching out even here. As for the dog-meat eating part, I heard that there is a belief (it might be traditional knowledge at the display) that dog’s meat prevents malaria and also acts as an anti-aging agent. Well, I don’t know how far it is valid, as I have never consumed dog meat, neither my sister nor my brothers nor my friends. Guess you got that.
我們不是堅定的非素食主義者，我們不吃狗肉：
我們都生活在一個有生活方式疾病風險的世界，飲食習慣也很重要。和其他智人一樣，東北人也有耳朵，這意味著他們知道糖尿病、膽固醇、胃癌、血壓等疾病。蔬菜比肉類便宜，每天食用肉類被證明是一種奢侈。首先，并不是所有的東北人都是非素食主義者，其次，綠色環保的概念甚至在這里也有所擴展。至于吃狗肉的部分，我聽說有一種觀點（可能是展覽上的傳統知識）認為狗肉可以預防瘧疾，還可以起到抗衰老的作用。嗯，我不知道它是多有效，因為我從來沒有吃過狗肉，我的姐姐、兄弟和朋友都沒有吃過。我想你明白了吧。
This shows how much we love India.
7) We live in houses and not in tree houses.
我們為自己是印度人而自豪。
這表明我們有多愛印度。
我們住在房子里，而不是生活在樹屋里。
In fact, Assam Rifles has been one of the best forces serving our country for a long time.
人們沒有意識到我們在每個行業——無論是軟件、音樂還是國防——都做得很好。
事實上，阿薩姆步槍長期以來一直是為我們國家服務的最好的裝備隊之一。
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
Every Indian needs to know about Indian history because it helps them develop a sense of identity, pride in their cultural heritage, and nationhood. Every Indian ought to be aware of the following important aspects of Indian history:
1. The Ancient World: The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's earliest, flourished around 2500 BCE in India. It had cities that were well-planned, sophisticated trade networks, and a distinctive scxt that has not yet been fully deciphered.
2. The Vedic Era: The Vedic time frx, generally from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE, saw the piece of the Rigveda, quite possibly of the most established strict text. It established the groundwork for Hinduism and presented philosophical thoughts, ceremonies, and social designs.
3. Empire of Maurya: The Maurya Domain, subject to Sovereign Ashoka (268-232 BCE), was perhaps of the most critical and extensive in old Indium. Ashoka was a Buddhist who promoted Buddhism's non-violence, religious tolerance, and welfare policies.
4. Gupta Domain: The Gupta Empire, which lasted from 320 to 550 CE, is often referred to as India's "Golden Age." It saw developments in literature, the arts, science, and mathematics. During this time, the decimal system, zero, and the writings of scholars like Aryabhata and Kalidasa emerged.
關于印度歷史，每個印度人都應該知道哪些事情？
每個印度人都需要了解印度歷史，因為這有助于他們培養一種認同感，對自己的文化遺產和國家認同感感到自豪。每個印度人都應該意識到印度歷史的以下重要方面:
1.古代世界：印度河流域文明是世界上最早的文明之一，大約在公元前2500年在印度蓬勃發展。它有精心規劃的城市，復雜的貿易網絡，以及一種尚未被完全破譯的獨特文字。
2.吠陀時代：吠陀的時間框架，通常從公元前1500年到公元前500年，看到了《梨俱吠陀》的片段，《梨俱吠陀》很可能是最被認可的嚴格文本。它為印度教奠定了基礎，并提出了哲學思想、儀式和社會設計。
3.孔雀王朝：孔雀王朝地區隸屬于阿育王（公元前268年至前232年），可能是古印度最關鍵、最廣泛的地區之一。阿育王是一位佛教徒，他提倡佛教的非暴力、宗教寬容和福利政策。
4.古普塔王朝：古普塔帝國從公元320年持續到550年，通常被稱為印度的“黃金時代”。它見證了文學、藝術、科學和數學的發展。在這段時間里，出現了十進制，零，以及像阿耶波多和迦梨陀娑這樣的學者的著作。
6. Conflict Between British Rule and Independence: In the 17th century, the British East India Company established British colonial rule in India that lasted until India's independence in 1947. In India's struggle for independence, the independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose was crucial.
7. Autonomy: India and Pakistan became distinct nations following the partition of India in 1947. Millions of people were displaced and there was a lot of communal violence as a result. During this time, Mahatma Gandhi and his non-violent philosophy played a significant role.
8. India after Independence: India established a democratic government and began a process of nation-building and economic growth shortly after independence. Modern India has been shaped by important events like the Green Revolution, economic reforms in the 1990s, and technological advancements.
Although these points provide a broad overview of Indian history, there are numerous other significant events, dynasties, and cultural aspects that contribute to the country's rich and varied past. Investigating further into explicit periods and locales can offer a more thorough comprehension of Indian history.
5.莫臥兒帝國：從1526年到1857年，一個被稱為莫臥兒帝國的穆斯林王朝統治了印度次大陸的大部分地區。在阿克巴爾、賈漢吉爾和沙賈汗等統治者的統治下，它取得了非凡的文化成就，包括泰姬陵這樣的建筑奇跡。
6.英國統治與獨立之間的沖突：17世紀，英國東印度公司在印度建立了英國殖民統治，一直持續到1947年印度獨立。在印度爭取獨立的斗爭中，由圣雄甘地、賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯和蘇巴斯·錢德拉·博斯領導的獨立運動起到了至關重要的作用。
7.自治：1947年印度分治后，印度和巴基斯坦成為不同的國家。無數人流離失所，因此許多社區發生了暴力事件。在此期間，圣雄甘地及其非暴力哲學發揮了重要作用。
8.獨立后的印度：獨立后不久，印度建立了民主政府，開始了國家建設和經濟增長的進程。綠色革命、20世紀90年代的經濟改革和技術進步等重要事件塑造了現代印度。
盡管這些觀點概括了印度歷史，但還有許多其他重要事件，王朝和文化方面對這個國家豐富多樣的過去做出了貢獻。進一步調查明確的時期和地點可以更全面地了解印度歷史。